Although the Treaty of Hartford established English recognition of the tribe's sovereignty in 1638, after the colonial period and loss of lands, the tribe struggled to maintain recognition of its identity. Mohegan's independence as a sovereign nation has been documented by treaties and laws for over 350 years, such as the Treaty of Hartford, secured by their Sachem (Chief) Uncas after his cooperation and victory with the English in the Pequot War (1637–1638). In 1997, the Mohegan Tribe's Council of Elders adopted a vision statement reflecting their identity and roots, stating the tribe’s commitment to ancestry, learning, and the environment. Their reservation is the Mohegan Indian Reservation, located on the Thames River in Uncasville, Connecticut.

The Mohegan Tribe ( / ˈ m oʊ h iː ɡ æ n/) is a federally recognized tribe and sovereign tribal nation of the Mohegan people.